当我们说“性骚扰”时，到底是发生了哪些行为？（内有“污词”，慎入）
最近一个多月，美国的社交媒体上有一个非常热门的话题，名叫#MeToo#。这是一个讲述自己遭受“性骚扰”的话题。随着参与的人越来越多，几乎每隔几天就会有名人大腕遭到控诉。同时，这股风也刮得越来越大，从电影圈到娱乐圈，再到媒体、科技企业等等，让人看到“性骚扰”行为无处不在。
近日，美国电视业的资深主持人，CBS电台金牌节目“CBS This Morning”主持 人以及“六十分钟”（60 Minutes）的记者查里·罗斯（Charlie Rose）被多达八位女性指控曾对她们有过性骚扰行为。
在《华盛顿邮报》和《Business Insider》两家媒体的采访中，这几位女性分别讲述了罗斯之前对她们做出的性骚扰行为：
The Washington Post reported late Monday that eight women told the paper that Rose, 75, made unwanted sexual advances toward them, including lewd phone calls, walking around naked in their presence, or groping their breasts, buttocks or genital areas, while they worked for him or aspired to work for him.
In the piece published by Business Insider, one women said that Rose touched her legs inappropriately as he was dropping her off at a dormitory in New York City, and then on a separate occasion when she sought career advice, invited her to his hotel room late in the evening.
Another says he invited her to dinner to discuss career opportunities, had her meet him at his townhouse, and greeted her at the door in a bathrobe and invited her into his home. A third woman also says Rose greeted her at the door in a bathrobe while she was delivering research to his apartment as an intern, and invited her in. She declined.
在上述的报道，指控罗斯的“性骚扰”行为主要是unwanted sexual advance，中文为“不当的性挑逗”。
较这一类行为也可以是unwanted sexual attention，主要是利用手中的权力对下属作为一些性暗示、身体接触或是语言：
Unwanted attention can be anything from touching to repeated requests and pressure for dates. One or two incidents alone might not be a crime, legally speaking, but repeated attempts or patterns can rise to the level of harassment.
同样，让娱乐圈刮起揭露性骚扰行为之风的好莱坞电影大佬哈维·韦恩斯坦（Harvey Weinstein）也做了不少这样的行为。据《纽约时报》报道，哈维贯常的套路是这样的：
Mr. Weinstein lured them to a private place to discuss films, scripts or even Oscar campaigns. Then, the women contend, he variously tried to initiate massages, touched them inappropriately, took off his clothes or offered them explicit work-for-sex deals.
先以聊电影、剧本或奥斯卡竞选活动为由，引诱她们到一个私密的地方。然后会以不同的方式要求按摩、动手动脚，脱掉他身上的衣服 或是提出要“潜规则”她们。
不过，哈维与罗斯的行为有所不同。前者是以女演员的演戏角色、职业生涯发展作为要挟，即所谓的 sleep with me or you're fired。这可以称之为
Quid pro quo, 或sexual coercion（性胁迫）。
在通常认为的“性骚扰”（sexual harassment）行为中，有一些行为会是身体接触，尤其是触摸性器官或能引起性幻想的部位，让人产生不适感或羞辱感。
在一位女演员指责美国著名的男演员达斯汀·霍夫曼（Dustin Hoffman）对其性骚扰时，就用了grope（抚摸身体/轻拍）一词：
In a column for The Hollywood Reporter, actress Anna Graham Hunter said the actor was “openly flirtatious” with her, asking for a foot massage, groping her bum and talking about sex to her.
一位墨西哥男演员在指控美国男星凯文·史派西的性骚扰行为时，称他对自己“亲昵抚摸”动作，fondle hime against his will.
Roberto Cavazos, a Mexican actor, said in Spanish in a Facebook post on Oct. 30 that Spacey fondled or tried to fondle him against his will while he was at the Old Vic theater in London and Spacey was artistic director there.
比亲昵抚摸动作更进一步，则是触摸生殖器了。
Tony Montana told USA TODAY on Nov. 1 that a drunken Spacey confronted him in 2003 at a Los Angeles pub, groped his genitals and chased him into a bathroom. "He grabbed my whole package, he grabbed me hard; no one had ever done that to me," said Montana, who was then in his 30s.
当然，在对史派西的指控中，露出性器官的行为也是其中一种。一位酒吧招招待在指控美国男星凯文·史派西的性骚扰行为时，就用了exposed himself to him的表达方式：
Daniel Beal, told London tabloid The Sun on Oct. 31 and The Daily Mail on Nov. 7 that in 2010, when he was 19 and working as a bartender in a West Sussex hotel, Spacey exposed himself to him outside the hotel while he was on a cigarette break.
更有甚者，当着女性的面做“自撸”（masturbate/masturbation）的行为则更为严重，是为下流了。美国喜剧明星Lious C.K. 就被指对着女性做出这样的下流动作：
In 2003, Abby Schachner called Louis C.K. to invite him to one of her shows, and during the phone conversation, she said, she could hear him masturbating as they spoke. Another comedian, Rebecca Corry, said that while she was appearing with Louis C.K. on a television pilot in 2005, he asked if he could masturbate in front of her. She declined.
在性骚扰行为里，还有更为严重的行为就是sexual assault（性侵犯）。这个词的英文解释是：
a statutory offense that provides that it is a crime to knowingly cause another person to engage in an unwanted sexual act by force or threat.
在对美国Defy Media旗下的视频系列“电影老实说”（Honest Trailers）的创作人Andy Singore的指控中，不仅是有不恰当的性行为，还有“强奸未遂”的行为：
Andy Signore, creator of Screen Junkies and the “Honest Trailers” series, has been fired effective immediately, Defy Media announced Sunday evening. Signore has been accused by several women of sexual harassment, and at least one said he tried to sexually assault her.
One woman, April Dawn, alleged that Signore tried to sexually assault her “on multiple occasions” and that he had threatened to fire her boyfriend, Screen Junkies employee Josh Tapia, if she went public.
不过，对于一些遭指控的当事人来说，即便是他们承认自己有过这些行为，在他们发表的公开道歉中，也不会直接使用上述的词语，而是用色彩更为中性或性质更为轻的。
在查理·罗斯对外发表的道歉性中，他称自己的行为是inappropriate behavior（不当行径），以及行为不够检点（behave insensitively）。
It is essential that these women know I hear them and that I deeply apologize for my inappropriate behavior. I am greatly embarrassed. I have behaved insensitively at times, and I accept responsibility for that, though I do not believe that all of these allegations are accurate. I always felt that I was pursuing shared feelings, even though I now realize I was mistaken.
史派西甚至以记不清30多年前的事情为由，只是很含糊地说是酒后行为（deeply drunken behavior），为此道歉。
I owe him the sincerest apology for what would have been deeply inappropriate drunken behavior, and I am sorry for the feelings he describes having carried with him all these years.
霍夫曼对于指责的回应则更为委婉，在对《好莱坞报道》作为回应时，只是对于让女性处于不安的情况（an uncomfortable situation）而“感到惶恐”（feel terrible）。
Hoffman told The Hollywood Reporter in response to the story, “I have the utmost respect for women and feel terrible that anything I might have done could have put her in an uncomfortable situation. I am sorry. It is not reflective of who I am.”
在这些受到指控的人当中，也还是有人很真诚地对于自己的行为表示悔恨（remorseful），同时也反思自己作出如此行为的原因。Louis C.K.在自己的声明中，就认为原因是“自己权高位重”，不负责任地使用了这种权力，不把自己的行为对别人造成的伤害当回事。
These stories are true. At the time, I said to myself that what I did was O.K. because I never showed a woman my dick without asking first, which is also true. But what I learned later in life, too late, is that when you have power over another person, asking them to look at your dick isn’t a question. It’s a predicament for them. The power I had over these women is that they admired me. And I wielded that power irresponsibly. I have been remorseful of my actions. And I’ve tried to learn from them. And run from them. Now I’m aware of the extent of the impact of my actions.
截止到媒体曝出查理·罗斯为止，据《纽约时报》的统计，共计有33名有一定社会地位的明星或名人被指有“性骚扰”行径。他们中有一些公开道歉、有一些人辞职，也有一些开始接受警方或检方的调查。也有一些人保持沉默，更有一些人公开予以否认。
虽然说曝光的这些人都是有一定社会地位的人，他们都是凭借自己手中的“权力”来骚扰女性。不过，在现实生活中，仍然存在着，甚至是大量存在着与权力和社会地位不相干的性骚扰行为。对于普通人来说，在职场，在公共场合，了解什么样的行为是性骚扰，同时学会保护自己，维护自己的权利，更为重要。